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LIBRARY 

OF    THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 
Class 


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THIRD  EDITION. 

CATECHISMAL   EDITION 

OF  THE 

Infantry  Drill  Regulations 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 


EXTENDED  ORDER. 

GENERAL    PRINCIPLES;    LEADING   THE    SQUAD;    THE    SQUAD;    THE 

PLATOON;   THE  COMPANY;  THE  BATTALION  ;   THE  REGIMENT; 

THE  BRIGADE  IN  BATTLE;  THE  DIVISION  IN  BATTLE. 


PREPARED  BY 

Major  Wm.  F.^urgin,  23^  Infantry. 


KANSAS   CITY,    MO. 

HUDSON-KIMBERLY  PUB.  CO. 

1902. 


GENERAL 


^1 


Copyrighted  by 

HUDSON-KIMBEELY   PUBLISHIf  ■?  CO. 

1898. 


'T^HE  object  of  this  book  is  to  bring  out  prominently  by 
means  of  questions  and  answers  every  statement 
made  in  the  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  Extended  Order, 
and  in  so  doing  to  strictly  follow  the  text. 

The  numbers  denote  the  paragraphs  of  the  Infantry 
Drill  Regulations. 


11715B 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Arciiive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/catechismaleditiOOspurrich 


E.XTRNDRD    ORDRR. 


J£^^-  GENERAL  PRINCIPLES. 

502.  What  unit  is  the  basis  of  extended  order? 
The  squad. 

What  will  men  be  taught  to  regard  the  squad? 
As  the  unit  from  which  they  ought  never   to   be 
separated. 

What  should  the  members  of  the  squad  do  should  the  same 
order  begin? 

They  should  place  themselves  under  the  orders  of  the 
nearest  leader  and  remain  with  his  squad,  as  if 
it  were  the  one  to  which  they  originally  belonged. 

To  what  object  will  oflftcers  and  sergeants  give  their  atten- 
tion? 
To  the  preservation  of  the  integrity  of  the  squads. 

What  action  will  the  officers  and  sergeants  take  when 
necessary? 

They  will  appoint  new  leaders  to  replace  those  dis- 
abled, organize  new  squads,  and  see  that  every 
man  is  placed  in  a  squad. 

503.  When  should  instruction   in  the  principles   of  extended 

be  broken  up,  or  should  they  become  separated  from  it? 
Because  of  its  importance  it  will  be  given  as  soon  as 
the  recruits  have  had  a  few  drills  in  close  order. 

How  is  the  mechanism  of  the  movement  taught? 
On  the  drill-ground  with  every  attention  to  detnil 
Afterwards  the  movements  are  executed  on  varii^l 


6  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

ground,  making  use  of  the  accidents  of  the  surface 
for  cover,  etc.,  and  observing  the  conditions  of 
battle. 

504.  With  what  reference  must  the  movements  in  all  instruc- 

tion in  extended  order  be  made? 
To    an    enemy    supposed    to    be    in    an    indicated 
direction. 

505.  When  is  the  enemy  said  to  be  "imaginary"? 
When  his  position  and  force  are  merely  assumed. 

When  is  the  enemy  said  to  be  "outlined''? 
When  his  position  and  force  are  indicated  by  a  few 
men  only. 

When  is  the  enemy  said  to  be  "represented"? 
When  a  body  of  troops,  acting  as  such,  has  his  sup- 
posed force  and  position. 

506.  At  what  do  men  in  extended  order  fix  their  attention? 
At  the  first  word  of  command,  the  first  note  of  the 

trumpet,  or  the  first  motion  of  the  signal. 

When  does  the  movement  commence? 
Immediately  upon  the  completion  of  the  command, 
trumpet  call,  or  signal. 

507.  From  what  formations  may  extended  order  be  taken? 
From  any  formation. 

508.  What  will  the  men,  whether  in  squads  or  as  individual 

skirmishers,    do  upon   arriving    on   the  line  and  upon 
halting? 

Face  to  the  front. 

509.  What  commands  for  dressing  are  given  in  extended  order? 
None. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  7 

In  what  direction  is  the  general  alignment  taken? 
Towards  the  base  file. 
How  do  the  men  carry  themselves? 
They  stand  and  march  at  ease  (see  Par.  246),  and  pay 
close  attention. 

510      When  necessary  for  any  chief  to  leave  his  post,  when  will 
he  return  to  it? 
As  soon  as  possible. 

LEADING  THE  SaUAD. 

511.  In  the  exercise  in  leading,  how  are  the  squads  notified  of 

the  movements  to  be  executed? 
By  signals  from  the  corporal  and  as  far  as  possible 
without  commands  or  caution. 

What  is  the  object  of  this  plan  of  communication? 

To  prepare  the  squad  for  the  battle  exercises  by 

training  the  men  to  cooperate  with  their  leader 

and  conform  instantly  to  his  wishes. 

512.  In    what    manner    of    progression    are    the    movements 

taught? 
The   movements   are   executed    in    the   most   direct 
manner,  first  in  quick  time,  then  in  double  time, 
and   finally   at   a   run;   they   should   not   succeed 
each  other  so  rapidly  as  to  produce  confusion. 

513.  Where  is  the  corporal  posted  when  the  squad  marches? 
Three  paces  in  the  rear  of  his  squad. 

To  what  will  the  squad  conform  when  marching? 
To  the  signals  and  movements  of  the  corporal. 

514.  In  what  movements  is  the  squad  exercised? 

In  turning,  marching  to  the  front,  rear,  and  by  the 
flank,  obliquing,  halting,  assembling,  etc. 


8  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

515.  Who  is  the  guide  of  the  squad? 

The   man   in   front   of   whom   the   corporal   places 
himself. 

Hbw  does  he  regulate  his  movements? 
He  follows  in  the  trace  of  the  corporal  at  a  distance 
of  three  paces. 

516.  When  the  corporal  does  not  wish  the  squad  to  follow  him, 

how  does  he  indicate  the  fact? 
He  commands:  Guide  (right  or  left)y  and  indicates  the 
point  of  direction;  if  marching  by  the  flank,  he 
indicates  the  direction. 

517.  Where  is  the  corporal's  position  when  the  squad  is  marched 

to  the  rear? 
In  front  of  the  squad. 

THE  SQUAD. 

GENERAL  RULES. 

518.  When  is  the  squad  deployed  forward? 
When  it  is  in  rear  of  the  line  to  be  occupied. 
When  is  the  squad  deployed  by  the  flank? 
When  it  is  already  on  the  line  to  be  occupied. 

If  the  squad  be  at  a  halt,  and  it  is  desired  to  deploy  it  for- 
ward, what  must  first  be  done? 
It  must  be  placed  in  march. 

If  the  squad  be  in  march,  and  it  is  desired  to  deploy  it  by 

the  flank,  what  must  flrst  be  done? 
It  is  halted. 

519.  What  is  the  normal  interval  between  skirmishers? 

Two  paces. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  9 

If  a  greater  or  less  interval  is  used,  when  will  it  be  stated? 
In  the  preparatory  command. 

520.  What  does  the  corporal  do  before  giving  the  commands 

for  marching,  deploying,  or  assembling,  or  for  increas- 
ing or  diminishing  intervals? 
He  indicates  the  file  which  is  to  be  the  base  or  guide, 
places  himself  three  paces  in  front  of  it,  and  indi- 
cates the  direction. 

On  halting,  where  does  the  corporal  place  himself? 
Three  paces  in  the  rear  of  his  squad. 

521.  On  which  man  of  the  squad  is  the  deployment  as  skirmish- 

ers made? 

On  the  front  rank  man  of  the  second  file  from  the 
right  (No.  2). 

Where  do  the  rear  rank  men  place  themselves? 
On  the  alignment  to  the  right  of  their  file  leaders, 
each,  as  soon  as  there  is  interyal. 

522.  If  it  is  desired  that  the  squad  shall  kneel  or  lie  down  upon 

halting,  when  does  the  corporal  give  the  cautionary 
command  ''Kneel"  (or  ''Lie  down")  upon  halting? 

Before  giving  the  commands  for  deploying. 

What  is  the  continued  effect  of  such  an  order? 

The  squad  will  then  kneel  (or  lie  down)  at  each  halt 
until  otherwise  directed. 

TO  DEPLOY  AS  SKIRMISHERS. 

623.     Marching  in  line,  give  the  commands  and  explanation  to 
deploy  forward. 
1.  As  SJcirmisJiers,  2.  MARCH.     The  front  rank  man, 
second  file  (Par.  521),  moves  straight  to  the  front 
or  in  the  direction  indicated  by  the  corporal. 


10  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

The  other  men  oblique  to  the  right  or  left,  according 
as  they  are  on  the  right  or  left  of  the  second  file, 
increasing  the  cadence,  each  resuming  the  direc- 
tion and  cadence  of  the  guide  when  at  his  interval 
(Par.  519)  and  on  the  alignment.  The  rear  rank 
men  follow  or  precede  their  file  leaders  on  the 
line,  according  as  they  gain  intervals  to  the  right 
or  left. 

When  the  squad  arrives  upon  the  line  to  be  occu- 
pied, the  cori>oral  halts  it  by  the  commands: 
1.  Squad,  2.  HALT. 

524.  Being  in  line  at  a  halt,  give  the  commands  and  explana- 
tion to  deploy  by  the  flank. 
1.  As  SJcirmishers,  2.  MARCH.  The  base  (Par.  521) 
stands  fast;  the  other  men  move  rapidly  to  the 
right  or  left,  according  as  they  are  on  his  right  or 
left,  each  man  halting  on  the  line  when  he  has 
gained  his  interval. 


TO  INCREASE  AND  DIMINISH  INTERVALS. 

525.     Being    deployed  as    skirmishers,    give   the   commands   to 
increase  or  diminish  intervals. 
1.  To  (so  many)  paces,  extend  (or  close),  2.  MARCH. 
The  skirmishers  open  from  or  close  toward  the 
guide. 

If  marching,  how  is  the  movement  executed? 
By  obliquing  and  increasing  the  cadence. 


By  the  flank. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  11 

MARCHINGS. 

526.  Being  deployed  and  halted,  give  the  commands  to  move 

forward. 
1.  Forwardj  2.  MARCH.     The  skirmishers  take  the 
direction  and  keep  their  intervals  from  the  side 
toward  the  guide. 

527.  Being  deployed  at  a  halt  or  advancing,  give  the  commands 

to  march  to  the  rear. 
1.  To  the  rear,  2.  MARCH.     The  men  face  about  and 

march  to  the  rear  conforming  to  the  principles 

of  the  march  to  the  front.     The  corporal  moves 

quickly  in  front  of  the  guide. 
Give  the  commands  to  march  again  to  the  front. 
1.  Forward,  2.  MARCH. 

528.  Give  the  commands  and  explanation  to  march  by  the  flank, 
1.  By  the  right  (or  left)  flank,  2.   MARCH.     At  the 

command  March,  each  man  faces  to  the  right  and 
follows  the  man  in  front.  The  corporal  moves 
quickly  beside  the  leading  man  to  conduct  him 
(see  Par.  516). 

Marching  by  the  flank,  give  the  commands  to  march  again 
in  line. 

1.  By  the  left  (or  right)  flanlv,  2.  MARCH. 

529.  By    what   commands    is    the    squad    halted,    it    being    in 

march,  either  to  the  front,  rear,  or  by  the  flank? 
1.  Squad,  2.  HALT. 

530.  The  squad  being  deployed,   how  is   change  of  front   or 

direction  effected? 

The  corporal  indicates  the  direction  and  commands: 
1.  Squad  right  (or  left),  2.  MARCH;  or,  1.  Bight  (or 
left)  turn,  2.  MARCH,  according  as  the  squad  is 
to  halt  or  advance;  executed  as  in  Pars.  140  and 
141,  the  skirmishers  maintaining  their  intervals. 


12  Infantry  drill  regulations. 

TO  RALLY. 

531.  For  what  purpose  is  the  rally  used? 

For  immediate  and  concentrated  action. 

When  is  the  rally  used? 

When  there  is  not  time  to  form  in  the  normal  order. 

Where  should  the  rally  be  made? 

Either  on  the  line  or  in  advance  of  it. 

By  what  command  is  the  movement  ordered? 

The  corporal  signals  or  commands :     RALLY. 

How  is  the  movement  executed? 

The  men  run  toward  the  corporal  and  group  them- 
selves in  single  or  double  rank,  in  line,  in  circle, 
in  semi-circle,  or  in  such  other  formation  as  he 
directs,  and  fix  bayonet. 

If  the  corporal  continues  to  advance,  what  disposition  will 
the  men  of  the  squad  make  of  themselves? 

They  form  in  rear  of  him  in  single  or  double  rank 
as  he  directs,  and  follow  him,  fixing  bayonet. 

What  movements  may  the  squad  execute,  being  rallisd? 

It  may  advance  or  deploy. 

In  deploying  from  the  rally,  where  do  the  skirmishers  go? 
They  return  to  their  former  places. 

THE  ASSEMBLY. 

532.  Being  deployed  or  rallied,  by  what  commands  is  the  as- 

sembly ordered? 
The    corporal    signals    or    commands:     1.    Assemble. 
2.  MARCH. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  13 

How  is  the  movement  executed? 

The  men  move  toward  the  corporal  and  form  in  their 
proper  places. 

If  the  corporal  continues  to  advance,  how  is  the  movement 
executed? 

The  men  move  in  double  time,'  form,  and  follow  him. 

When  will  assembling  be  not  executed? 
When  faced  or  marching  to  the  rear. 

533.    When  the  preceding  movements  are  well  understood,  how 
are  they  executed? 

At  signals. 


FIRE  DISCIPLINE. 

534.  What  will  the  instructor  impress  upon  the  men? 

The  importance  of  the  "Fire  Discipline"  general 
rules,  the  exceptions  thereto,  and  the  instructions 
relative  to  distances  and  individual  firing. 

GENERAL  RULES. 

State  the  general  rules  relative  to  firing. 

1.  Never  load  until  the  moment  for  firing. 

2.  Never  fire  except  when  ordered,  and  then  only  the 

number  of  cartridges  indicated. 

3.  Never  fire  after  the  command  or  signal  Cease  firing, 

4.  Never  fire  except  at  the  named  objective. 

5.  Never  fail  to  adjust  the  sight  at  the  range  named. 

6.  Always  aim  at  the  feet  of  the  enemy,  or,  if  he  is 

hidden  from  view,  at  the  lower  line  of  smoke. 

535.  Notwithstanding  these  rules,  when  is  it  allowable,  espe- 

cially foy  §cout§,  tQ  fire  when  necessary? 


14  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

(a)  To  give  the  alarm. 

(1))  When  a  good  opportunity  occurs  to  fire  upon  a 

leader  of  the  enemy. 
(c)  In  self-defense. 

586.  By  what  rules  will  individual  men,  who  may  be  acting 
beyond  the  immediate  control  of  leaders,  be  governed? 

They  will  not  fire  at  distances  over — 

400  yards  at  a  man  lying  down. 

500  yards  at  a  man  kneeling. 

600  yards  at  a  man  standing. 

700  yards  at  a  horseman. 

800  yards  at  a  small  squad  of  men  or  a  line  of 
skirmishers. 

What  permission  may  be  granted  to  sharpshooters? 

To  fire  upon  the  enemy  at  greater  distances. 

By  whom  must  this  authority  be  granted? 

By  an  officer. 
537.     When  are  volleys  by  squads  used  against  troops  in  close 
order? 

At  distances  not  exceeding — 

800  yards  at  a  line  equal  to  the  front  of  a  squad. 

1,000  yards  at  a  line  equal  to  the  front  of  a  platoon. 

1,200  yards  at  a  line  equal  to  the  front  of  a  company. 

Are  these  limits  invariable? 

No.  They  may  be  exceeded  under  favorable  condi- 
tions when  the  range  is  accurately  known,  but 
should  always  be  reduced  when  the  men  are  tired 
or  out  of  breath,  the  range  uncertain,  the  enemy 
under  cover,  or  the  conditions  of  wind  and  light 
unfavorable. 

When  may  volleys  be  fired  at  extreme  ranges? 

When  the  supply  of  ammunition  is  ample  and  the 
enemy  is  in  large  bodies. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  15 

538.  At  what  distances  are  the  fire  at  will  and  the  fire  with 

counted  cartridges  used? 
At  those  ranging  from  800  to  400  yards. 

539.  When  is  the  rapid  fire  used? 

At  short  ranges  at  the  decisive  moment  of  the 
action. 

540.  state  the  classification  of  the  ranges. 
0  to  300  yards,  short  range. 

300  to  600  yards,  mid  range. 
600  to  1,400  yards,  long  range. 
1,400  to  2,000  yards,  extreme  range. 

FIRINGS. 

541.  What  is  demanded  of  the  instructor  in  the  firings? 

He  will  give  the  closest  attention  to  the  execution  of 
the  firings,  .and  always  exact  the  most  rigid  fire 
discipline. 

542.  At  what  position  are  the  firings  always  executed? 
At  a  halt. 

If  the  squad  be  in  the  march,  and  the  command  to  fire  is 

given,  when  does  the  squad  halt? 
At  the  preparatory  command  for  firing. 
What  does  it  do  upon  halting? 

^Loads,  and  kneels  or  lies  down  if  so  specified  in  the 
command. 

543.  How  is  the  volley  firing  executed  by  the  squad? 

By  the  same  commands  and  means  as  in  close  order, 
and  this,  too,  whether  the  squad  is  closed  or  is 
deployed. 

What  number  of  volleys  will  rarely  be  fired  without  inter- 
mission? 


16  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS, 

More  than  three. 

What  is  the  object  of  this  regulation? 
To  allow  the  smoke  to  clear  away,  to  steady  the 
men,  and  to  prevent  waste  of  ammunition. 

544.  Give  the  commands  to  fire  at  will,  and  the  instructions 

relative  to  same. 
1.  Fire  at  tvill,  or,  1.  Fire  at  will,  kneeling  (or  lying 

down),  2.  At   (such   an   object),   3.   At   (so   many) 

yards,  4.  COMMENCE  FIRING. 
At  the  fourth  command,  those  skirmishers  who  can 

see  the   enemy  aim  deliberately,   fire,   load,   and 

continue  the  firing  until  the  command  or  signal: 

CEASE  FIEING. 

How  may  the  corporal  regulate  the  intensity  of  the  firing? 

He  may  permit  a  few  men  only,  usually  the  best 
shots,  to  fire;  for  this  purpose  he  calls  the  men 
by  name,  and  then  gives  the  same  commands 
as  before;  the  intensity  of  the  fire  is  thus  regu- 
lated by  varying  the  number  of  men  firing. 

545.  Give  the  commands  and  explanation  to  fire  as  skirmish- 

ers with  counted  cartridges. 

1.  Fire  one  (two  or  three)  round,  2.  At  (such  an  object), 
3.  At  (so  many)  yards,  4.  COMMENCE  FIRING. 

At  the  fourth  command,  those  skirmishers  who  can 
see  the  enemy  open  fire.  Each  man,  after  fir- 
ing the  number  of  cartridges  indicated,  executes 
Cease  firing. 

To  fire  another  series:  FIRE  ONE  (TWO  or 
THREE)  ROUND. 

To  what  will  the  instructor  give  attention? 
That  the  number  of  cartridges  indicated  is  never 
exceeded. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  17 

546.  In  what  firing  is  the  number  of  cartridges  unlimited? 
In  the  rapid  fire. 

When  using  the  rapid  fire  in  advancing  to  the  attack, 
what  orders  and  commands  will  the  instructor  give? 

He  orders  bayonets  fixed  and  sights  laid  down,  and 
then  commands:  1.  Rapid  fire,  2.  COMMENCE 
FIRING. 

How  do  the  men  execute  the  rapid  fire? 

They  fire  straight  to  the  front  at  the  feet  of  the 

enemy,  and  continue  to  fire   until  the  command 

or  signal :     CEASE  FIRING. 

INSTRUCTION  ON  VARIED  GROUND. 

547.  To  whom  will  the  instruction  on  varied  ground  be  taught 

at  first? 
To  individuals. 

By  whom  will  the  movements  he  afterward  executed? 
The  entire  squad. 

548.  By  whom  is  this  instruction  directed? 
By  the  company  officers. 

Where  is  it  given? 

On  ground  which  has  been  previously  selected  with 
reference  to  the  movements  to  be  executed. 

"With    what    object    should    the    location    be    frequently 

changed? 
To  accustom  the  men  to  new  situations. 
With  reference  to  what  will  care  be  taken? 
Never  to   order   movements   at   variance   with   the 

accidents  of  the  ground. 


18  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

549.  How   will  the  instructor  proceed    in   imparting-   instruc- 

tion? 

Having  conducted  the  squad  to  a  point  overlooking 
the  vicinity,  the  instructor  will  call  attention  to 
the  form  of  the  ground  and  the  different  military 
purposes  to  which  its  features  are  adaptable,  us- 
ing and  explaining  the  military  terms  that  apply; 
he  will  require  the  men  to  point  out  the  leading 
features  of  the  country  in  sight  or  near  their  posi- 
tion, with  all  that  concerns  the  streams,  roads, 
woods,  inhabited  places,  etc. 

550.  What  further  will  he  explain? 

He  will  explain  how  to  determine  the  points  of  the 
compass,  the  points  of  sunrise  and  sunset,  the 
position  of  the  sun  at  different  hours  of  the  day, 
and  the  length  of  the  shadows  cast  by  objects, 
persons,  etc. 

USE  OF  COVER. 

551.  What  must  the  instructor  impress  upon  the  men? 
That   they   must   take   positions    from    which    they 

can  best  see  and  fire  upon  the  enemy. 

552.  Which  kind  of  cover  is  the  best? 

That  which,  while  it  masks  the  skirmishers  from 
the  sight  and  fire  of  the  enemy,  affords  favorable 
conditions  for  firing  and  for  readily  advancing 
and  retiring. 

553.  State  the  two  ends  desirable  to  be  obtained  by  men  under 

cover. 
To  obtain  a  rest  for  the  rifle,  and  at  the  same  time 
expose  the  least  part  of  the  body  while  aiming. 

Enumerate  the  methods  prescribed  for  obtaining  these 
ends. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  19 

Take  post  preferably  behind  the  right  of  walls, 
rocks,  heaps  of  stone  or  earth,  and  in  the  windows 
and  doorways  of  the  houses  on  the  left  side  of  a 
street;  behind  a  tree,  rest  the  rifle  on  a  limb  to 
the  right,  or  rest  the  forearm  against  the  right 
side  of  the  trunk. 

Behind  embankments  of  earth,  in  ditches  and  fur- 
rows, kneel  or  lie  down  and  rise  slightly  to  fire; 
lie  down  in  rear  of  a  crest  or  the  edge  of  a  plateau, 
keeping  the  slope  toward  the  enemy  in  view. 

At  the  edge  of  a  wood,  where  there  is  no  ditch  nor 
bank  of  earth,  remain  a  little  back  from  the  edge, 
under  the  cover  of  the  first  trees. 

What  will  tlie  instructor  teach  the  men? 

How  to  prepare  the  crest  of  a  wall,  and  how  to 
pierce  loopholes  or  construct  platforms  when  the 
wall  is  too  high  to  fire  over. 

554.    What  will  the  instructor  teach  as  to  the  ground  cover? 

He  explains  the  circumstances  under  which  each 
accident  of  the  ground  would  be  valuable  as 
cover,  and  how  to  use  it,  both  in  its  original  con- 
dition and  by  modifying  it,  against  an  enemy 
supposed  to  be  in  a  certain  direction. 

What  is  then  required  of  the  recruits? 

To  post  themselves  near  points  indicated,  so  as  to 
be  under  cover  and  in  position  to  fire  upon  a 
point  about  six  hundred  yards  distant,  indicated 
as  the  position  of  the  enemy. 

What  does  each  one  do? 

Each  selects  his  own  position  so  as  to  have  a  good 
view  of  the  objective,  and  sets  his  sight  at  the 
range  indicated. 


20  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

The  foregoing  having  been  accomplished,  what  follows? 
The  men  then  change  places. 

In  what  manner  is  the  exercise  repeated? 

On  different  grounds,  and  with  a  different  objective. 

555.  Who  personates  the  enemy,  and  what  is  required  of  him? 
A  well-instructed  soldier  or  non-commissioned  offi- 
cer is  then  placed  in  the  position  of  the  enemy  and 
required  to  advance  upon  the  skirmishers. 

What  are  the  skirmishers  taught  to  do  at  this  time? 

To  carefully  observe  his  movements  and  aim  at  him 

whenever  he  exposes  himself,  adjusting  the  sight 

to  agree  with  distance  (Par.  536). 

556.  When  the  recruits  have  learned  to   post   themselves   at 

points  indicated  by  the   instructor,  in   what  are  they 
exercised? 
In  selecting  their  own  points,  advancing  from  cover 
to  cover. 

How  is  the  enemy  represented,  and  how  are  the  recruits 
taught  to  advance? 

The  instructor  sends  a  man  to  a  point  about  six 
hundred  yards  distant  to  represent  the  enemy;  a 
recruit  is  then  directed  to  advance  upon  him. 
In  order  to  keep  out  of  sight  of  the  enemy,  the 
recruit  must  make  the  best  use  of  cover,  but  must 
not  deviate  too  much  from  his  direction;  he  must 
stoop  and  even  creep  or  crawl,  but,  if  possible, 
never  lose  sight  of  the  enemy;  open  ground  ex- 
posed to  the  fire  of  the  enemy  should  be  crossed  at 
a  run,  by  rushes  of  about  thirty  yards,  then  taking 
the  lying  position  and  raising  the  head  in  order 
to  see  the  enemy. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  21 

The  rushes  should  not,  as  a  rule,  exceed  fifty  yards, 

else  the  skirmishers  will  be  winded  and  unable  to 

aim  accurately. 
In  this  manner  he  should  advance  to  about  200  yards 

from  the  enemy,  and  nearer  if  the  character  of 

the  ground  permit. 

What  is  required  of  the  man  representing  the  enemy? 

The  man  representing  the  enemy  may  be  provided 
with  blank  cartridges  and  required  to  fire  upon 
the  skirmisher  whenever  he  exposes  himself  suffi- 
ciently to  afford  a  target  (Par.  536). 

557.  When  are  the  movements  executed  by  the  squad? 
When  the  recruits  are  well  instructed  in  the  use  of 

cover. 

What  instruction  is  given  the  squad  in  reference  to  the 
movements? 

The  instructor  points  out  the  position  of  the  enemy 
at  least  600  yards  distant,  and  states  clearly 
the  object  of  the  movement.  The  corporal,  as 
squad  leader,  gives  the  commands  necessary. 

BATTLE  EXERCISES. 

558.  What    movements    may    the    squad    execute    on    varied 

ground? 

All  the  movements  prescribed  for  close  and  ex- 
tended order. 

To  what  will  special  attention  be  given? 
To  the  exercises  in  leading. 

Upon  whom  will  those  skirmishers,  who  cannot  hear  or 
see  the  corporal,  regulate  themselves? 

Upon  the  nearest  men,  who  may  transmit  the  com- 
mands to  them  in  a  low  tone. 


22  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

The  squad  having  become  proficient  in  the  movements  in 

extended  order,  how  is  the  enemy  indicated? 
Either  outlined  or  represented. 

What  is  the  character  of  the  firing  in  the  battle  exercises  ? 
In  general  the  fire  is  simulated;  but  it  is  important, 

in  these  exercises,  that  blank  cartridges  should 

frequently  be  used. 

When  will  both  parties  cease  firing? 
.  When  within  one  hundred  yards  of  each  other. 

If  they  are  deployed  as  skirmishers,  which  party  may  be 

ordered  to  charge? 
The  attacking  party. 

How  do  the  squads  pass,  and  when  halt? 
The  men  in  each  squad  pass  through  the  intervals 

in  the  other,  each  man  passing  to  the  right  of  the 

man  directly  in  his  front,  both  squads  halt  at  the 

command  of  the  instructor. 
When  the  exercises  are  continued,  what  occurs? 
The  squads  exchange  positions. 


THE  PLATOON. 

GENERAL  RULES. 

559.     Who  is  the  instructor  of  the  platoon? 
The  chief  of  platoon. 

Before  forming  line   of  squads   or  deploying,    what  does 

he  do? 
lie  designates  the  center  squad  of  the  firing  line  and 

indicates  the  point  of  direction  to  the  leader  of 

the  base  squad. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  23 

What  is  required  of  the  chiefs  of  sections  in  forming  line 
of  squads  or  skirmishers? 

The  chiefs  of  sections,  at  the  preparatory  command, 
place  themselves  in  rear  of  their  base  squads  in 
line,  or  abreast  of  them  in  column;  they  see  that 
the  base  squads  keep  the  line  of  direction. 

Where  do  the  corporals  take  post  at  the  preparatory  com- 
mand for  forming  line  of  squads? 
In  front  of  their  squads  in  line. 

In    deploying   as    skirmishers,    where   are    the    corporals 

located? 
They  take  or  keep  their  places  in  ranks,  retaining 
supervision  of  their  squads. 

How  may  the  firing  line  be  formed? 
One  section  may  form  the  firing  line,  the  other  the 
support;  or  the  entire  platoon  may  be  placed  in 
the  firing  line. 

Where  is  the  post  of  the  chief  of  the  platoon  when  the 
firing  line  is  established? 

Between  the  firing  line  and  the  support. 

Where  is  the  chief  of  a  section  in  the  firing  line  posted? 

Six  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  center  of  his  section. 

For  what  must  he  be  on  the  alert? 

For  signals  from  his  chief  of  platoon. 

Where  is  the  chief  of  a  section  in  support  posted? 

He  places  himself  six  paces  in  front  of  his  section. 

What  does  the  support  do  when  deployment  is  ordered? 

The  support  halts  until  the  firing  line  has  advanced 
about  150  yards,  or  if  the  deployment  be  made 
by  the  flank,  marches  that  distance  to  the  rear, 
unless  cover  be  found  nearer  the  support. 


24  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

When  halted,  how  is  the  support  disposed  of  for  its  pro- 
tection? 

It  stands,  kneels,  or  lies  down,  according  to  the  na 
ture  of  the  cover;  on  open  ground  it  may  deploy. 

What  should  be  avoided? 

Inarching  the  support  by  the  flank  under  fire. 

LINE  OF  SaTIADS. 

560.     What  is  the  normal  interval  between  squads? 

About  fifteen  paces;  when  a  greater  or  less  interval 
is  to  be  taken,  it  will  be  stated  in  the  commands. 

The  platoon  marching  in  line,  give  the  commands  and 
explanation  to  form  line  of  squads. 

1.  Line  of  squads,  2.  On  (such)  squad,  3.  MARCH. 

The  corporal  of  the  base  squad  leads  it  (Pars.  515 
and  516)  in  the  indicated  direction;  the  corporals 
to  the  right  of  the  base  move  their  squads  ob- 
'  liquely  to  the  right,  those  to  the  left,  obliquely  to 
the  left;  each  moves  to  the  front  when  at  his 
interval  from  the  squad  next  toward  the  base. 

When  the  base  squad  arrives  on  the  line,  the  chief  of 
platoon  commands:     1.  Platoon,  2.  HALT. 

The  base  squad  halts;  the  others  are  halted,  on 
arriving  on  the  line.  On  halting,  the  corporals 
place  themselves  three  paces  in  rear  of  their 
squads. 

If  the  platoon  is  marching  in  double  time,  or  in  quick 

time,  and  the  command  be  "Double  time,"  what  will 

follow? 
The  base  squad  advances  in  quick  time;  the  others 

move  in  double  time  and  take  the  quick  time  on, 

arriving  on  the  line. 


lyFAIfTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  25 

Where  do  the  corporals  remain? 
In  front  of  their  squads. 

If  the  platoon  is  at  a  halt,  how  is  the  line  of  squads 
formed? 

The  base  squad  stands  fast;  the  others  face  and 
march  away  from  the  base  squad;  each  corporal 
halts  his  squad  when  it  has  gained  its  interval. 

561.  The  platoon  heing  in  column  of  fours,  give  the  commands 

and   explanation  to   form  line  of  squads  to   the  front. 

1.  Bight  (or  left)  front  into  line  of  squads,  2.  MARCH, 
3.  Platoon,  4.  HALT. 

The  movement  is  executed  as  in  Par.  210;  the  cor- 
porals leading  their  squads  to  their  proper  places 
in  line. 

562.  The  platoon  heing  in  column  of  fours,  give  the  commands 

to  form  line  of  squads  on  right  or  left. 
1.   On  right  (or  left)  into  line  of  squads,  2.  MARCH, 

3.  Platoon,  4.  HALT. 
Executed  as  in  Par.  208,  except  that  each  corporal 

leads  his  squad  to  its  proper  place  in  line  by  the 

shortest  route. 

TO  DEPLOY  AS  SKIRMISHERS. 

563.  The  platoon  being  in  line  of  squads,  give  the  commands 

and  explanation  to  deploy  as  skirmishers. 

1.  As  shirmishers,  2.  MARCH. 

Executed  by  each  squad  (Pars.  523  and  524).  These 
commands  may  be  given  at  any  time  after  the 
commencement  of  the  movement  to  form  line  of 
squads;  the  squads  that  have  their  intervals  de- 
ploy at  once,  the  others  when  they  gain  their 
intervals. 


26  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

564.  When  may  the  platoon  be  deployed  in  the  same  manner 

as  a  squad? 
In  exceptional  cases. 

The  platoon  being  in  line,  give  the  commands  and  expla- 
nation to  deploy  it  in  the  same  manner  as  a  squad. 

1.  As  shirmisherSy  on  (siicli)  squad,  2.  MARCH. 

The  deployment  is  made  as  in  the  squad  (Pars.  52o 
and  524),  number  two  front  rank  of  the  base 
squad  being  the  base  skirmisher;  all  the  men  of 
the  line  deploy  on  him;  the  squad  leaders  see  that 
the  men  of  their  squads  halt  or  march  to  the  front 
as  they  individually  gain  their  intervals. 

TO  INCREASE  AND  DIMINISH  INTERVALS. 

565.  The  platoon  being  in  line  of  squads,  give  the  commands  to 

Increase  or  diminish  intervals. 
1.    On   (such)   squad,   to    (so   manv)   paces,   extend   (or 

close),  2.  MARCH. 
The  squads   open  from  or  close  toward  the   base 

squad.     If  marching,  the  movement   is  executed 

obliquely;  if  at  a  halt,  by  the  flank. 
Being  deployed  as  skirmishers,  give  the  commands  to  in- 
crease or  diminish  intervals. 
1.    On   (such)   squad,   to   (so   many)   paces,   extend   (or 

close),  2.  MARCH. 
The  skirmishers  to  the  right  and  left   of  number 

two  front  rank  man  of  the  base  squad  extend  from 

or  close  toward  him  (Par.  525). 

THE  ASSEMBLY. 

566.  Give  the  procedure  to  assemble  the  platoon. 

•  Tlie  chief  takes  post  where  his  platoon  is  to  form, 
and  signals  or  commands:  1.  Assemble,  2.  MARCH. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  27 

The  squads  move  promptly  toward  him  and  re-form 
the  platoon. 

Give  the  commands  to  assemble  by  squads. 
1.  Assemble  hy  squads,  2.  MARCH. 
Executed  by  each  squad  (Par.  532). 

567.  How  does  the  chief  of  platoon  cause  one  or  more  squads  to 

take  a  certain  formation? 
He  designates  the  squads  and  gives  his  orders. 

MARCHINGS. 

568.  Being  in  line  of  squads  or  skirmishers,  give  the  procedure 

to  advance. 

The  chief  of  platoon  indicates  the  point  of  direc- 
tion to  the  leader  of  the  base  squad  and  com- 
mands: 1.  Fonuard,  2.  Guide  right  (left  or  center), 
3.  MARCH. 

The  base  squad  marches  in  the  given  direction;  the 
others  march  abreast  of  the  base,  keeping  their 
intervals. 

569.  Being  in  line    of  squads  or  skirmishers,    give  the  com- 

mands and  explanation  to  march  to  the  rear. 
1.   To  the  rear,   2.    MARCH,   3.    Guide   right   {left  or 

center). 
The  chief  of  platoon  indicates  the  point  of  direction 

to  the  leader  of  the  base  squad  after  the  line  has 

faced  to  the  rear. 

570.  How  is  a  slight  change  of  direction  made? 

The  chief  of  platoon  indicates  the  new  point  of  direc- 
tion; the  squads  conform  promptly  to  the  move- 
ments of  the  base. 

How  is  a  considerable  change  of  direction  effected? 


28  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

The  chief  of  platoon  indicates  the  new  point  of  direc- 
tion and  commands:  1.  Change  direction  to  the 
right  {or  left),  2.  MARCH. 

The  right  squad,  which  is  the  base,  changes  direc- 
tions as  if  alone  (Par.  530),  and  halts;  the  others 
conform  to  the  new  alignment. 

571.  By  what  commands  and  means  is  the  platoon  in  line  of 

squads  or  skirmishers  marched,  by  the  flank  and  again 
in  line? 

By  the  commands  and  means  prescribed  for  the 
squad  (Par.  528). 

FIRINGS. 

572.  In  what  manner  will  the  platoon  and  section  execute  the 

firings? 
Whether  closed  or  extended,  they  execute  the  firings 
as  explained  for  the  squad. 

When  may  volley  firing  be  used? 
When  the  front  is  of  such  extent  as  to  be  controlled 
by  the  voice. 

Give  the  commands  of  chief  of  platoon  to  fire  by  section 
or  squad. 

1.  Fire  hy  section  (or  squad),  2.  (So  man^O  volleys,  in- 
dicates, when  desirable,  the  objective  and  range, 
and  adds:     3.  COMMENCE  FIRING. 

Each  section  or  squad  executes  the  firings  as  if  alone. 

What  is  the  regulation  relative  to  the  corporals  firing? 
The  corporals  take  part  in  the  firing,  except  when 
the  firing  is  by  squad. 

What  option  has  the  chief  of  platoon  in  the  firings? 
He  may  designate  one  or  more  squads  to  fire. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  29 

573.  How  may  a  section,  constituting  the  firing  line,  execute 

the  preceding  movements? 
By  the  same  commands  and  means,  under  the  orders 
of  the  chief  of  section. 

LINE  OF  SECTIONS. 

574.  What  is  the  normal  interval  between  sections   of  three 

squads  each? 
About  forty-five  paces. 
Between  sections  of  two  squads  each? 
About  thirty  paces. 

What  movements  may  the  platoon  execute  the  same  as  th° 
squad,  substituting  section  for  squad  in  the  commands 
and  explanation? 

The  platoon  forms  line  of  sections,  marches  in  this 
formation,  and  increases  and  diminishes  intervals 
between  sections  as  explained  for  squads. 

What  movements  may  the  section  execute? 

The  section  forms  line  of  snuads  or  skirmishers, 
rallies,  assembles,  and  executes  the  firinj^g  and  all 
other  movements  in  extended  order  as  explained 
for  the  platoon. 

TO  REINFORCE  THE  FIRING  LINE. 

575.  When  there  are  intervals  in  the  firing  line,  either  on  the 

outer  flanks  or  between  the  groups,  how  is  the  line  rein- 
forced? 

The  reinforcement  is  placed  in  these  intervals. 

What  is  this  method  of  reinforcement  called? 
The  ^roup  reinforcement,  and  it  will  be  used  when 
practicable. 


30  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

When  advancing,  or  being  at  a  halt  under  cover,  how  may 

the  jaring  line  be  reinforced? 
The  firing  line  may  diminish  intervals  toward  one 

flank,  the  support  deploying  and  moving  up  into 

the  space  made  vacant. 

How  may  the  firing  line  be  reinforced  under  a  heavy  fire? 

By  deploying  the  support  on  the  march,  the  men 
of  the  support  placing  themselves  on  the  line 
between  the  skirmishers;  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  take  charge  of  their  propor- 
tionate parts  of  the  front,  and  the  action  pro- 
gresses as  if  no  mixing  had  taken  place. 

When  only  should  this  last   method  be  employed? 
When  the  emergency  demands  a  prompt  reinforce- 
ment above  all  other  considerations. 

THE  RALLY. 

576.    How  is  the  rally  by  platoon  effected? 

The  chief  of  platoon  moves  rapidly  to  the  squad 
or  place  selected  as  a  rallying  point,  and  signals 
or  commands:  RALLY. 
The  firing  line  rallies  as  explained  for  the  squad. 
The  support  approaches  and  selects  a  position 
from  which  it  can  render  the  most  effective 
assistance. 

How  is  the  rally  by  sections  made? 

The  clref  of  platoon  commands:  RALLY  BY  SEC- 
TIONS, and  then  joins  one  of  the  sections.  The 
chiefs  of  sections  hasten  to  place  themselves  in 
the  center  of  their  sections,  signal,  and  repeat 
the  command. 

How  is  the  rally  by  squads  made? 


INF A^' TRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  31 

The    chief    of    platoon    commands:     EALLY    BY 

SQUADS. 
The  squad  leaders  make  the  signal;  the  chiefs  of 

sections  and  platoons  join  the  nearest  squads. 

When,  as  a  result  of  reinforcing,  sections  and  squads  are 

mixed,  how  will  each  group  rally? 
On  the  chief  who  commands  it  at  the  time. 

What  disposition  is  made  of  the  platoon  as  soon  as  possible 

after  rallying? 
It  is  assembled  or  again  deployed. 

THE  COMPANY. 

577.  What  is  the  battle  formation  of  a  company  when  it  is  part 

of  a  battalion? 
The  company  is  in  two  echelons:  a  firing  line  and  a 
support. 

What  is  the  fighting  front  of  a  company  in  battalion? 
Usually  twice  its  front  in  close  order. 
What  is  the  battle  formation  of  a  company  acting  alone? 
The  company  is  in  three  echelons:  a  firing  line,  a 

support,  and  a  reserve. 
What  are  the  distances  between  these  echelons? 
The  distances  vary  with  the  nature  of  the  ground 

and  the  effectiveness  of  the  enemy's  fire. 

578.  How  may  a  captain  form  his  company  when  on  the  offen- 

sive, acting  alone? 

He  may  place  at  first  only  one  section  in  the  firing 
line,  with  one  in  support;  the  other  two  constitut- 
ing the  reserve. 

How  may  he  form  his  company  when  on  the  defensive, 
acting  alone? 


32  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

On  the  defensive,  two  sections  constitute  the  firin<^ 
line,  one  the  support,  and  one  the  reserve. 

579.  As  a  rule,  what  sections  are  designated  for  the  firing  line? 
The  center  sections  in  line,  or  the  leading  sections 

in  column  or  line  of  columns. 

What  also  may  be  designated  for  the  firing  line? 
A  platoon. 

580.  What  movements  may  the  company  execute  by  the  com- 

mands and  means  prescribed  for  the  platoon? 
It  forms  line' of  squads  or  sections,  deploys  as  skir- 
mishers, increases  and  diminishes  intervals,  assem- 
bles,   rallies,    and    executes    the    marchings    and 
firings. 

POSITIONS  AND  DUTIES  OF  OFFICERS. 

581.  Who  is  the  instructor  of  the  company? 
The  captain. 

Where  does  he  take  post? 

Between  the  firing  line  and  the  support,  or,  if  the 
formation  be  in  three  echelons,  near  the  support. 

What  duties  devolve  upon  the  captain  whose  company 
acts  alone? 

lie  designates  the  sections  for  the  firing  line,  sup- 
port, and  reserve,  directs  the  action  of  the  whole 
company,  controls  the  reinforcement  of  the  firing 
line,  and  keeps  up  the  supply  of  ammunition, 
regulating  distribution  and  expenditure. 

How  are  his  orders  given? 

IJy  word  of  command,  signals,  or  through  orderlies. 

To  whom  are  his  orders  given? 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REaULATIONS.  33 

To  the  commanders  of  the  firing  line,  support,  and 
reserve. 

Who  remains  with  the   captain? 
A  musician. 

What  does  the  first  lieutenant  command? 
The  reserve,  if  there  be  one;  otherwise  the  support. 
What  does  the  second  lieutenant  command? 
The  firing  line,  when  it  consists  of  only  one  section, 
or  of  one  section  from  each  platoon. 

What  disposition  is  made  of  the  third  lieutenant,  if  there 

be  one? 
He  may  be  assigned  by  the  captain;  if  the  formation 

be  in  three  echelons,  he  usually  commands  the 

support. 

Where  is  the  first  sergeant  posted? 
The  first  sergeant,  if  not  in  command  of  a  platoon 
or  echelon,  takes  post  near  the  captain. 

By  whom  is  the  firing  line  commanded,  if  it  consist  of  an 

entire  platoon? 
By  its  own  lieutenant. 
What  command  has  the  other  lieutenant? 
He  commands  the  reserve  or  support. 

When  the  whole  company  is  in  the  firing  line,  what  com- 
mand has  each  lieutenant? 
Each  commands  his  own  platoon. 

Where  is  the  post  of  the  commander  of  the  firing  line? 
Ten  paces  in  rear  of  the  firing  line. 
Where  is  the  post  of  the  commander  of  the  support. 

Ten  paces  in  front  of  the  center  of  the  support. 

-3- 


34  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

Where  is  the  post  of  the  commander  of  the  reserve? 
Ten  paces  in  front  of  the  center  of  the  reserve. 

With  whom  does  the  commander  of  the  reserve  maintain 

communication,  and  how? 
With  the   support  and   with   the    captain,   sending 

forward   men   to   act  as   messengers   and   repeat 

signals. 

What  commands  do  the  commanders  of  echelons,  or,  which 
is  the  same,  of  the  support  and  reserve,  give? 

Those  necessary  for  the  execution  of  the  orders  of 
the  captain. 

To  what  do  those  commanders  give  their  special  attention? 
To  the  control  and  direction  of  the  fire  and  to  main 
taining  cohesion  and  concert  of  action. 

582.     What  is  incumbent  upon  the  commander  of  a  force  acting 
alone,  before  forming  for  attack  or  defense? 
To  make  the  reconnaissance  necessary  to  determine 
the  best  disposition  to  be  made. 

What  is  the  rule  relative  to  throwing  out  scouts? 

Commanders  of  companies  and  larger  units  forming 

*  part   of   larger   commands    throw   out    scouts    in 

their  immediate  vicinity.     The  number  of  scouts 

depends  upon  the  nature  of  their  duties  and  the 

extent  and  character  of  the  front. 

Who  instructs  the  scouts? 

The  commander  will  give  them  such  specific  instruc- 
tions as  circumstances  require. 

What  is  the  object  for  which  scouts  are  sent  out  in  front 
of  the  firing  line? 

To  acquire  information  and  to  convey  it  to  the  com- 
mand by  means  of  signals  previously  agreed  upon. 
These  rules  are  general. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  35 

THE  OFFENSIVE. 

THE  COMPANY  IN  BATTALION. 

583.     When  first  coming  within  the  zone  of  artillery  fire,  how  is 
the  company  formed,  and  how  far  does  it  advance? 
It  is  formed  in  line  and  advances  until  the  artillery 
fire   becomes    effective    (on    open    ground,    about 
twenty-five  hundred  yards  from  the  enemy). 

What  does  the  captain  do  when  the  artillery  fire  becomes 
effective? 

He  orders  a  few  scouts  sent  forward  (usually  from 
the  sections  to  be  in  support),  designates  the  non- 
commissioned officer  to  command  them,  indicat- 
ing the  objective  to  him  and  to  the  chiefs  of 
platoons  and  sections. 

At  what  gait  must  these  scouts  advance? 

At  an  increased  gait,  unless  the  company  be  halted. 

What  next  does  the  captain  do? 

He  then  designates  two  sections,  preferably  the  sec- 
ond and  third,  for  the  firing  line;  the  first  and 
fourth  for  supports;  gives  the  necessary  instruc- 
tions for  the  extension,  and  when  the  scouts  have 
gained  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  to  the 
front  commands :     1.  Form  for  attach,  2.  MARCH. 

What  follows  these  commands? 

The  second  lieutenant  places  himself  in  rear  of  the 
center,  designates  the  center  squad,  and  com- 
mands :     Guide  center. 

The  first  lieutenant  commands:  1.  First  aud  fourth 
sections,  2.  HALT. 

The  chiefs  of  sections  designate  their  sections  and 
repeat  the  cautions  necessary. 


36  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

The  second  and  third  sections  move  forward,  the 
corporal  of  the  base  squad  adA^ancing  in  the  direc- 
tion indicated. 

When  the  firing  line  has  advanced  about  two  hun- 
dred yards,  the  first  lieutenant  puts  the  support 
in  inarch;  each  chief  of  section  in  the  support  so 
directs  his  base  squad  as  to  keep  his  section  in 
rear  of  the  outer  flank  of  the  firing  line. 

584.  When   do  changes   occur  in  the  formation  of   the  firing 

line? 

At  about  fourteen  hundred  yards  the  firing  line 
forms  line  of  sections  and  continues  to  move 
forward. 

At  about  twelve  hundred  yards,  it  forms  line  of 
squads. 

At  about  nine  hundred  yards,  it  deploys  as  skir- 
mishers. 

What  is  incumbent  upon  each  section  and  squad  while 

seeking  cover? 
Each   should  keep  within  the   deploying  limits  of 

its  proper  front  to  avoid  the  mixing  of  sections 

and  squads. 

585.  When  the  scouts  have  advanced  to  within  eight  hundred 

yards  of  the  enemy,  or  less,  what  may  they  find  it  neces- 
sary to  do? 

To  halt  and  await  the  arrival  of  the  firing  line. 

What  are  the  instructions  relative  to  firing  at  this  time? 

Firing  will  be  delayed  asMong  as  possible,  though 
the  captain  may  order  volleys  to  be  fired  upon 
bodies  of  the  enemy  that  expose  themselves,  or 
individual  sharpshooters  may  be  directed  to  fire. 
When  the  advance  should  no  longer  continue 
without  firinsT,  the  captain  directs  the  number  of 
yollevs  to  be  fired  at  each  halt  (see  Par.  548). 


tl^JF'ANTRT  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  S^V 

586.  Who  gives  the  commands  for  the  volleys? 
The  commander  of  the  firing  line. 

By  what  regulations  will  he  be  governed  in  the  volley 
firing? 

He  must  never  exceed  the  number  directed  by  the 
captain,  but  may  reduce  the  number  or  omit  the 
firing,  to  avoid  a  mere  waste  of  ammunition. 

587.  During  this  portion  of  the  advance,  what  movement  will 

the  firing  line  execute?  and  for  what  purpose? 
It  will  close  upon  its  center,  in  order  to  make  space 
for  the  supports  to  come  up  on  the  outer  flanks. 

During  this  time,  what  has  the  support  been  doing? 

The  support  has  been  drawing  nearer  to  the  firing 
line  without  waiting  for  orders,  taking  the  forma- 
tions most  favorable  for  reinforcing,  keeping  un- 
der cover  as  far  as  practicable. 

588.  How  may  the  firing  line  advance  from  cover  to  cover? 
liy  rushes  executed  by  the  whole  line  if  possible,  or 

by  alternate  sections. 

589.  For  what  should   the  arrival   of  supports  upon  the  line 

usually  be  the  signal? 
For  a  rush  forward. 

590.  When  the  line  has  approached  within  about  five  hundred 

yards    of  the    enemy's   position,    how  will   the  further 
advance  be  made? 

Alternate  rushes  will  probably  be  necessary.  The 
lieutenant  gives  the  instructions  while  the  men 
are  hing  down  or  behind  cover,  and  then  com- 
mands: 1.  A  f] ranee  hy  rushes,  2.  Third  (or  second) 
section  fire  two  (or  three)  volleys,  3.  Second  (or  third) 
section  forward. 


38  INFANTRY  DIULL  REGULATIONS. 

The  chief  of  the  third  section  gives  the  commands 
for  the  volleys. 

The  instant  the  first  volley  is  fired  the  chief  of  the 
second  orders  his  section  forward  at  double  time; 
having  advanced  about  fifteen  yards,  or  to  cover 
if  there  be  any,  he  halts  it  by  the  commands: 
1.  Fire  two  (or  three)  volleys  {hneeling  or  lying  down), 
and  completes  the  commands  for  the  volleys. 

The  instant  of  the  delivery  of  the  first  volley  by  the 
second  section,  the  third  moves  forward  at  double 
time  about  fifteen  yards  in  advance  of  the  line 
occupied  by  the  second.  The  third  section  then 
fires  the  specified  number  of  volleys,  the  second 
advances  about  fifteen  yards  beyond  the  third,  and 
so  on;  the  attack  is  thus  continued,  each  section 
advancing  under  cover  of  the  fire  and  smoke  of  the 
other,  the  base  squad  keeping  the  line  of  direction. 

591.  How  long  will  volleys  be  used? 

To  the  last  practicable  moment.  The  chiefs  of  sec- 
tions and  the  squad  leaders  assist  in  maintaining 
the  strictest  fire  discipline. 

592.  When  does  the  captain  send  forward  the  supports  to  rein- 

force the  firing  line? 

During  this  period  of  the  attack  as  soon  as  it  be- 
comes necessary  to  increase  the  intensity  of  the 
fire. 

In  what  manner  is  the  reinforcement  by  the  supports 
effected? 

The  sections  of  the  support  reinforce  the  sections 
of  their  own  platoons,  advancing  under  cover  of 
their  fire  and  taking  position  so  as  to  join  in  the 
next  rush. 


Infantry  drill  regulations.        •        39 

In  moving  forward  to  join  the  firing  line,  the  sup- 
ports move  rapidly  in  order  to  avoid  loss,  and 
reinforce  as  in  Par.  575. 

The  first  lieutenant  moves  forward  with  the  first 
section,  and  each  lieutenant  takes  command  of 
his  own  platoon;  the  rushes  may  then  be  made 
by  platoon. 

"When  may  the  commander  of  the  support  reinforce  with- 
out waiting  for  orders? 
In  emergencies. 

593.    What  action  does  the  captain  take  as  the  company  ap- 
proaches the  enemy's  position? 

He  selects  favorable  ground  from  which  to  make 
the  assault,   and   having  attained   this   position, 
*■  commands :     Rapid  fire. 

"What  follows? 

Platoon  commanders  then  order  bayonets  fixed, 
caution  the  men  to  lay  down  the  sights,  and  com- 
mand: 1.  Bapid  fire,  hneeling,  2.  COMMENCE 
FIRING. 

If  any  of  the  supports  have  not  been  brought  up, 
they  join  the  line  at  the  command  Rapid  fire. 

How  is  the  charge  effected? 

To  charge,  the  captain  signals:  CEASE  FIRING, 
and  commands:     1.  To  the  charge,  2.  MARCH. 

The  men  rise  and  advance  in  double  time. 

Having  arrived  at  about  thirty  yards  from  the 
enemy's  position,  the  captain  then  commands: 
CHARGE. 

The  men  charge  bayonet,  quicken  the  pace,  and  ad- 
vance upon  the  enemy. 

The  charge  being  successful,  what  action  does  the  captain 
take? 


40  INFANTRY  DRILL  REaitLATION^. 

Having  driven  the  enemy  from  his  position,  the 
captain  selects  ground  in  front  favorable  for  fir- 
ing upon  the  retreating  enemy,  or  for  resisting  a 
counter-attack,  and  causes  the  assembly  to  be 
sounded,  or,  if  necessary,  the  rally. 

In  case  of  repulse,  what  does  the  captain  do? 
He  at  once  prex)ares  to  renew  the  attack. 

RELIEVING  THE  FIRING  LINE. 

594.  What  is  the  procedure  for  relieving  the  firing  line? 

In  the  exceptional  cases  in  which  the  firing  line  must 
be  relieved,  the  captain  notifies  the  firing  line  and 
gives  orders  to  the  support  which  is  to  replace  it. 

The  support  deploys  so  as  to  complete  the  movement 
in  rear  of  the  line  and  moves  up  into  the  intervaTs, 
or  passes  through  the  firing  line,  which  is  then 
marched  to  the  rear  and  assembled. 

If  the  line  is  marching  to  the  rear,  the  captain  orders 
the  support  to  deploy;  the  firing  line  passes 
through  the  line  thus  formed,  is  assembled,  and 
becomes  the  support  or  a  part  of  it. 

THE  COMPANY  ACTING  ALONE. 

595.  When  the  company  is  acting  alone  on  the  offensive,  what 

does  the  captain  first  do? 
He  determines  upon  the  direction  and  character  of 
the  attack  and  indicates  the  rallying  point. 

How  is  the  attack  conducted,  the  company  acting  alone? 

The  attack  is  conducted  on  the  principles  explained 
for  the  company  in  battalion. 

The  firing  line  makes  the  front  attack;  the  support 
reconnoiters  and  protects  the  flanks,  and  supports 
the  front  attack;  the  reserve,  according  to  circum- 


tNF'ANTKY  DRILL  REGULAflONS.  41 

stances,  makes  a  flank  attack  or  participates  in 
the  front  attack. 
When  the  support  is  absorbed  in  the  firing  line,  the 
reserve,  which  has  been  drawing  nearer  during  the 
advance,  should  be  about  150  yards  from  the  firing 
line. 

How  is  the  action  from  tbis  stage  conducted? 

The  same  as  for  the  company  in  battalion;  the  re- 
serve reinforcing  the  firing  line  as  prescribed  for 
the  support. 

Having  driven  the  enemy  from  his  position,  for  what  pur- 
pose should  a  part  or  even  the  whole  of  the  company 
be  used? 

To  pursue  him,  unless  i)ursuit  would  endanger  ad- 
vantages already  gained. 

THE  DEFENSIVE. 

THE  COMPANY  IN  BATTALION. 

596.     When  the  captain  is  ordered  to  take  a  defensive  position, 

how  does  he  execute  the  order? 
He  conducts  his  company  to  the  point  selected  and 

sends  forward  scouts,  who  connect  with  those  from 

the  adjacent  companies. 
He  indicates  to  each  subdivision  the  position  it  is  to 

occupy  and  the  defensive  works  to  be  constructed, 

such  as  abatis,  shelter  trenches,  etc. 

What  are  the  division  and  formation  of  the  company? 
In  general,  the  same  as  on  the  ofl'ensive. 

To  secure  superiority  of  fire,  how  may  the  company  be 

disposed? 
It  may  have  three  sections  in  the  firing  line  and  one 

in  the  support  from  the  beginning  of  the  action. 


42  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATION^. 

What  should  be  the  purpose  of  the  first  resistance  of  the 

scouts? 
That  of  causing  the  enemy  to  deploy  and  disclose  his 

intentions. 

This  becoming  apparent,  what  formation  will  the  captain 
give  the  company? 

The  battle  formation. 

When  is  fire  opened? 

As  soon  as  it  can  be  made  effective.  Certain  sub- 
divisions may  be  designated  to  fire  upon  the 
enemy's  supports  and  reserves. 

How  is  the  firing  line  reinforced? 

As  heretofore  explained  in  Par.  575. 

When  is  the  support  habitually  absorbed  in  the  firing 

line? 
When  the  enemy  arrives  at  about  500  yards  from 

the  position. 

How  is  the  defense  continued? 

With  the  assistance  of  the  battalion  reserve. 

If  the  enemy  be  repulsed,  how  will  the  company  act? 

It  takes  the  offensive. 

If  the  enemy  succeed,  what  will  the  company  then  do? 

It  withdraws  and  forms  at  the  rallying  point. 

THE  COMPANY  ACTING  ALONE. 

597.     When  the  company  acts  alone,  how  does  it  proceed  to  its 
position? 
Depending  upon  the  distance  of  the  enemy,  the  com- 
pany arrives  at  the  position  in  battle  formation  or 
in  order  of  march. 

What  is  the  procedure  in  the  first  case? 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  48 

In  the  first  case,  the  firing  line  is  established  on  the 
position  to  be  defended;  the  support  and  reserve 
are  placed  under  cover;  patrols  are  sent  out  in 
front  and  upon  the  flanks  to  reconnoiter. 

What  in  the  second  case? 

In  the  second  case,  the  advance  guard  halts  at  the 
position  and  sends  scouts  and  small  patrols  out  in 
front  and  upon  the  flanks.  The  captain  makes  his 
preliminary  dispositions  as  explained  for  the  com- 
pany in  battalion,  then  takes  the  battle  formation. 

How  does  he  dispose  of  the  support  and  reserve? 
So  as  to  protect  the  flanks  of  the  firing  line. 

With  what  object  may  the  supports,  either  wholly  or  in 
part,  be,  from  the  very  beginning  of  the  engagement, 
placed  in  the  firing  line? 

In  order  to  secure  superiority  of  fire  and  a  front 
at  least  equal  to  that  of  the  attack. 

With  what  object  will  the  captain  keep  a  portion  of  his 
reserve  in  hand? 

To  execute  a  counter-attack  at  the  moment  the  en- 
emy reaches  the  position,  or  to  cover  the  retreat. 

Of  what  should  advantage  be  taken? 

Of  every  opportunity  to  make  short  and  energetic 
counter-attacks  upon  the  weak  points  of  the  en- 
emy's line. 

When  the  enemy  is  repulsed,  what  action  should  be  taken? 

He  should  be  damaged  as  much  as  possible  by  in- 
creased energy  of  fire,  and  should  be  pursued  un- 
less this  would  compromise  the  security  of  the 
position. 

If  necessary  to  retreat,  how  is  the  same  effected? 


44  inPanTry  drill  regulations. 

The  captain  disposes  the  remainder  of  his  reserve  in 
such  position  as  to  most  readily  hold  the  enemy 
in  check,  near  one  of  the  flanks,  if  possible;  thc- 
firing  line  unmasks  the  reserve  and  takes  position 
in  rear  of  it,  the  reserve  protects  the  retreat  of 
the  firing  line  and  retires  in  turn  under  its 
protection. 

The  company  thus  retires  from  position  to  position. 

When  is  the  company  in  retreat  assembled  and  placed  in 

column  of  route? 
When  out  of  the  range  of  the  enemy. 
When  should  a  position  be  abandoned? 
Unless  ordered  to  the  contrary,  a  position  should  not 

be  abandoned  except  in  the  last  extremity. 

ACTION  AGAINST  CAVALRY. 

598.  What  importance  should  attach  to  the  appearance  of  the 
enemy's  cavalry? 
As  a  principle,  the  advance  or  attack  of  infaatry 
should  not  be  checked  by  the  appearance  of  cav- 
alry. The  latter  should  be  kept  at  a  distance  by 
means  of  voUej^s  executed  by  subdivisions  desig- 
nated for  this  purpose. 

If  the  company  is  in  line  and  is  attacked  in  front,  how 

should  the  charge  be  received? 
Without  changing  its  formation. 
If  in  line  and  attacked  in  flank? 

The  company,  or  a  part  of  it  on  the  threatened  flank, 
changes  front  to  face  the  attack. 

If  the  company  is  in  battle  formation,  and  cavalry  attach*:: 
as  foragers,  or  in  mass,  which  is  the  better  way  to 
receive  the  attack? 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  45 

It  is  better  to  receive  the  attack  at  a  halt,  than  to 
rally. 

What  dispositions  will  be  made  relative  to  firing? 
Only  such  as  will  develop  the  greatest  intensity  of 
fire. 

If  attacked  in  front? 

The  firing  line  opens  fire;  the  sections  of  the  sup- 
port are  placed  in  rear  of  the  flanks  to  guard  the 
latter  and  fire  upon  the  horsemen  who  envelop 
them. 

If  attacked  in  flank? 

The  sections  of  the  support  and  reserve  face  so  as  to 
find  themselves  arranged  in  echelon  ready  to  pro- 
tect the  threatened  flank  by  their  fire. 

If  attacked  by  echelon? 

The  fire  will  not  be  directed  upon  a  fraction  already 
repulsed,  but  upon  the  one  following  it. 

In  a  personal  er counter   with  a  mounted  enemy,  where 

should  the  foot  soldier  maintain  his  position? 
On  the  left  flank  of  the  horsemen. 

DEFENSE  AND  ATTACK  OF  ARTILLERY. 

599.  How  will  infantry  under  artillery  fire  seek  to  lessen  its 

effect? 
By  appropriate  formations  and  use  of  cover. 

DEFENSE. 

600.  What  duty  devolves  upon  the  commander  of  infantry  con- 

tiguous to  artillery? 
He  supports  the  batteries  in  his  vicinity. 
How  is  artillery  sepa^rated  from  the  other  arms  defended? 


46  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

Such  artillery  is  furnished  with  a  special  support. 

How  is  artillery  supported  by  infantry? 

An  infantry  support  for  artillery  protects  the  flanks 
and  rear  of  the  batteries  and  opposes  the  enemy's 
infantry  or  cavalry  acting  against  them;  it  is  usu- 
ally posted  on  the  flanks. 

ATTACK. 

GOl.  How  is  a  company  of  infantry  disposed  for  the  attack  of 
artillery? 
The  company  is  disposed  as  for  the  attack  of  a  posi- 
tion, but  the  firing  line  may  be  deployed  as  skir- 
mishers at  a  greater  distance  and  the  front  may 
be  more  extended;  the  rear  echelons,  if  need  be, 
are  also  deployed. 

When  artillery  is  in  motion,  upon  what  part  of  it  is  the 

fire  preferably  directed? 
Upon  the  horses. 

THE  BATTALION. 

602.  What  principles  of  instruction  apply  to  the  battalion? 
The  principles  of  instructiorufor  the  squad,  platoon, 

and  company  in  extended  order. 

603.  What  is  the  formation  of  the  battalion  for  battle? 

It  is  formed  in  three  echelons:  a  firing  line,  a  line  of 

supports,  and  a  reserve. 
In  battalion,  what  constitutes  the  fighting  line? 
The  firing  line  and  supports  together  are  designated 

the  fighting  line. 

Of  how  many  companies  may  the  fighting  line  be  com- 
posed? 
Of  one,  two,  or  even  three  companies. 


\ 

INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  4'< 

EXTENSION. 

604.  State  what  action  the  major  takes  preparatory  to  ex- 
tension. 

Whatever  be  the  formation  of  the  battalion,  the 
major  designates  the  company  or  companies  to 
form  the  fighting  line  and  those  for  the  reserve, 
gives  instructions  for  forming  line  of  sections  or 
squads,  or  deploying  as  skirmishers,  indicates  the 
point  of  direction  and  the  object  of  the  movement, 
and  commands:  1.  Form  for  attack,  2.  (Such)  the 
base  company,  3.  MARCH. 

What  follows? 

The  captains  of  companies  for  the  fighting  line  desig- 
nate the  sections  for  supports,  and  cause  their 
companies  to  advance  in  the  given  direction  and 
take  the  battle  formation.  The  firing  line  ex- 
tends as  directed  by  the  major  and  according  to 
the  principles  explained  for  the  company. 

The  extension  having  been  completed,  what  should  be  the 
interval  between  the  companies  in  the  line  of  skir- 
mishers? 

About  fifteen  paces,  which  they  should  preserve 
during  the  advance. 

Where  is  the  reserve  located? 

The  reserve  is  held  about  300  yards  in  rear  of  the 

line  of  supports. 
What  is  the  fighting  front  of  a  battalion  in  regiment? 
It  should  not  exceed  one  and   one-half  times  the 

front  of  the  battalion  in  close  order. 
Where  will  the  major  take  post? 
Where  he  can  best  observe  and  direct,  the  progress 

of  the  action,  which  is  usually  between  the  line 

of  supports  and  reserve. 


48  INFASTin   DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

If  he  quits  this  place,  what  will  he  do? 
He  leaves  a  man  there  to  tell   where  he  may  be 
found. 

When  the  reserve  companies  are  united  in  close  order,  who 
takes  command  of  them? 

.    The  senior  officer  present  on  duty  with  them. 

When  the   battalion  opers   fire,   what  will   the   mounted 

oflBLcers  do? 
They  dismount;  the  horses  are  taken   back  to  the 

reser\'e  of  the  regiment. 

When  the  color  of  a  regiment  is  with  a  battalion  that 
takes  the  battle  formation,  what  disposition  is  made 
of  it? 

It  joins  the  regimental  reserve,  whose  commander 
either  directs  the  color  to  join  a  certain  company 
or  detaches  a  guard  to  remain  with  it  during  the 
action. 

MARCHINGS. 

G05.  How  does  the  battalion  in  battle  formation  regulate  its 
march? 
As  explained  for  marching  in  line.  The  base  squad 
keeps  the  line  of  direction,  independently  of  the 
movements  of  the  companies,  under  the  supervi- 
sion of  the  squad  leader  and  the  chief  of  section 
to  which  this  squad  belongs;  if  the  companies 
for  any  reason  are  obliged  to  give  way,  they  regain 
their  places  as  soon  as  possible. 

To  what  do  the  supports  and  reserve  conform  their  move- 
ments? 
To  those  of  the  firing  line. 
What  is  important? 


IWFANTR7  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  49 

That  the  line  of  direction  should  be  correctly  deter- 
mined before  taking  up  the  advance. 

If,  however,  changes  of  direction  become  necessary,  how 

are  they  made? 
Gradually  by  slightly  changing  the  direction  of  the 

base  squad  from  time  to  time. 

RELIEVING  AND  REINFORCING  THE  FIRING  LINE. 

606.  On  what  principles  may  the  firing  line  be  relieved  or  rein- 

forced? 
On  those  explained  for  the  company,  either  as  or- 
dered by  the  major,  or,  in  each  company,  by  its 
captain.      Relieving   skirmishers  is,   however,   an 
exceptional  movement. 

ASSEMBLING  AND  RALLYING. 

607.  When  does  the  major  assemble  the  battalion? 

When  no  longer  compelled  to  remain  in  extended 
order. 

What  order  may  he  give? 

He  may  order  one  or  more,  or  even  all  the  companies 
in  the  firing  line,  to  rally. 

What  movement  does  the  reserve  execute,  and  with  what 

object? 
The  reserve  approaches  and  selects  a  favorable  posi* 

tion    for    supporting    the    companies    that    have 

rallied. 

THE  BATTALION  IN  ACTION. 

GENERAL  RULES. 

608.  What  duties  devolve  upon  the  major  when  his  battalion 

is  in  action? 
-4- 


50  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

He  regulates  the  progress  of  the  action,  sees  that  the 
firing  line  advances  upon  the  indicated  objective, 
hastens  or  delays  the  reinforcement  by  the  sup- 
ports, and  disposes  the  reserve  so  as  to  guard 
against  surprise;  leaving  the  execution  of  details 
to  his  subordinates,  he  exercises  a  general  con- 
trol, and  endeavors  constantly  to  increase  the 
energy  of  the  action. 

When  necessary,  he  indicates  what  measures  are  to 
be  taken  to  assure  the  occupation  of  the  position, 
but  should  leave  to  each  commander  the  discre- 
tion necessary  to  enable  him  to  profit  by  all 
circumstances. 

What  duties  devolve  upon  each  captain  in  the  fighting 
line? 

Each  captain  in  the  fighting  line  regulates  the  march 
of  the  line  within  the  limits  assigned  him,  deter- 
mines the  distances  to  be  passed  over  in  rushes, 
and  brings  his  support  upon  the  firing  line,  pur- 
suant to  orders,  or  without  orders  if  the  necessities 
of  the  moment  require;  he  directs  the  fire  and 
regulates  its  intensity. 

THE  OFFENSIVE. 

THE  BATTALION  IN  REGIMENT. 

609.  When  the  major  receives  orders  to  attack,  his  battalion 
being  in  regiment,  what  does  he  do? 
Whatever  be  the  formation  of  the  battalion,  he  desig- 
nates the  company  or  companies  to  form  the  fight- 
ing line  and  those  for  the  reserve,  gives  instruc- 
tions for  forming  line  of  sections  or  squads,  or 
deploying  as  skirmishers,  indicates  the  point  of 
direction  and  the  object  of  the  movement,  and  com- 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  51 

mands:     1.  Form  for  attach,  2.  (Such)  the  base  com- 
pany, 3.  MAECH. 

What  follows? 

The  companies  in  the  fighting  line  conform  to  what 
has  been  prescribed  for  the  company  (Pars.  583  to 
594).  The  reserve  conforms  to  the  movements 
of  the  fighting  line,  and,  without  waiting  for  or- 
ders, gradually  drawls  nearer,  so  as  to  be  ready  to 
replace  the  supports  when  the  latter  have  been 
absorbed,  the  reserve  companies  taking  the  bat- 
tle formation. 

In  what  manner  is  the  attack  made? 

The  attack  is  made  as  prescribed  for  the  company. 
When  the  firing  line  is  about  500  yards  from  the 
enemy's  position,  the  first  echelon  of  the  reserve 
is  about  100  yards  and  the  second  about  200  yards 
in  rear  of  the  firing  line. 

When  the  major  thinks  necessary,  what  may  he  place  in 
the  firing  line? 

One  or  more  platoons  of  the  reserve. 

What  occurs  when  about  200  yards  from  the  enemy? 
Bayonets  are  fixed  and  the  rapid  fire  is  opened. 

What  disposition  is  made  of  the  last  of  the  reserve,  in  rear 

of  the  point  at  which  the  main  effort  is  to  be  made? 
It  is  held  in  readiness  to  reinforce  the  line. 

What  movement  does  the  battalion  in  the  second  line  of 
the  regiment  make,  and  for  what  purpose? 

It  draws  nearer,  so  as  to  replace  the  battalion  reserve 
if  necessary,  and  take  part  in  the  charge. 

If  the  rapid  fire  does  not  shake  the  enemy,  what  is  done? 

* 


52  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

The  remainder  of  the  battalion  reserve  is  quickly 
brought  up,  and  another  rush  made,  followed  by 
the  rapid  fire. 

What  occurs  during  this  firing? 

The  battalion  of  the  second  line  reinforces  the  fir- 
ing line;  at  the  signal  from  the  colonel,  the  field 
music  sounds  the  charge  and  the  whole  line 
rushes  upon  the  enemy. 

What  follows,  as  soon  as  the  position  has  been  carried? 
The  firing  line  advances  until  it  has  found  a  position 
favorable  for  firing  upon  the  enemy. 

What  disposition  is  made  of  the  parts  of  the  reserve  not 

in  the  firing  line? 
They  hold  themselves  in   readiness   to  pursue  the 

enemy  or  to  resist  a  counter-attack. 

When  are  the  companies  assembled  on  the  captured  posi- 
tion? 

At  the  first  opportunity. 

What  disposition  of  his  battalion  will  the  major  make? 

He  forms  the  battalion  and  disposes  his  troops  so  as 

to  secure  the  position,  and  to  pursue  the  enemy. 

if  ordered. 

If  the  attack  is  repulsed,  what  movement  is  executed? 
The  line  rallies  under  the  protection  of  the  reserve. 

THE  BATTALION  ACTING  ALONE. 

610.     On  what  principles  is  the  action  conducted,  when  the  bat- 
talion acts  alone  on  the  offensive? 
The  action  is  conducted  on  the  general  principles 
explained  for  the  battalion  in  regiment;  the  front 
may  be  more  extended,  but  the  major  must  be 


mPANTRT  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  53 

able  to  direct  the  action  and  secure  the  increas- 
ing power  of  the  successive  efforts.  If  the 
strength  of  his  command  warrants  it,  he  may 
attack  both  in  front  and  flank.  He  must  cover 
his  flanks  and  secure  his  line  of  communication. 

The  enemy  having  been  located,  the  major  makes 
his  dispositions  for  attack. 

If  the  attack  succeeds,  the  battalion  takes  position 
and  fires  upon  the  enemy,  as  explained  for  the 
battalion  in  regiment,  and,  if  opportunity  offers, 
will  pursue  the  enemy  (Par.  595). 

If  repulsed,  the  rally  is  protected  by  the  parts  of  the 
reserve  that  have  not  been  engaged. 

THE  DEFENSIVE. 

THE  BATTALION  IN  REGIMENT. 

611.  When  the  battalion  is  in  regiment  and  acting  on  the 
defensive,  on  what  principles  is  the  reconnaissance  and 
occupation  of  the  position  made? 
On  the  principles  explained  for  the  company  acting 
alone,  under  the  protection  of  the  patrols  com- 
manded by  one  or  more  officers;  these  patrols 
not  only  endeavor  to  discover  the  enemy's  posi- 
tion and  direction  of  attack,  but  also  keep  his 
scouts  and  reconnoitering  parties  at  a  distance. 

What  is  the  battle  formation? 

As  a  rule,  the  battle  formation  is  the  same  as  on 
the  offensive.  When  it  is  desirable  to  have  an 
extended  and  dense  firing  line  from  the  start,  the 
two  companies  in  the  fighting  line  may  be  directed 
to  keep  but  one  section  each  in  support.  The 
same  result  is  obtained  by  placing  three  compa- 
nies in  the  fighting  line,  each  having  two  sections 
in  support. 


54  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

What  determines  the  line  of  defense? 
The  line  of  defense  is  in  general  determined  by  the 
configuration  of  the  ground. 

What  points  should  usually  be  strongly  occupied? 
Those  that  command  a  clear  field  of  fire  in  front  and 
afford  cover. 

What  should  the  different  parts  of  the  front  be  able  to  do? 
To  assist  each  other. 

To  accomplish  this  object,  by  what  should  they  be  "not" 

separated? 
By  impassable  obstacles. 

Time  and  circumstances  permitting,  by  what  should  the 
position  be  strengthened? 

By  hasty  entrenchments. 

What  points  in  the  line  are  placed  in  a  state  of  defense  or 

are  strengthened  by  field  works? 
The  strong  points  in  the  line,  such  as  woods,  fences, 

buildings,  rising  grounds,  etc. 

In  the  selection  of  these  points,  what  is  the  chief  consider- 
ation? 
'     A  clear  field  of  fire  toward  the  front  and  flanks. 

How  are  the  strong  points  connected? 

By  shelter  trenches,  intervals  being  left  to  facilitate 
counter-attacks  and  for  passing  from  the  defen- 
sive to  the  offensive. 

On  what  principles  is  the  action  conducted? 
On  those  explained  for  the  company  in  battalion  on 
the  defensive  (Par.  596). 

Upon  what  do  the  dispositions  of  the  rear  echelons  of  the 
battalion  depend? 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  55 

Ui)oii  the  movements  of  the  assailant. 

What  is  incumbent  upon  the  defender? 
He  uses  every  means  to  overwhelm,  by  fire,  such 
bodies  of  the  enemy  as  remain  in  close  order. 

In  what  proportion  are  the  supports  placed  in  the  firing- 
line? 

In  proportion  to  the  necessities  of  the  case. 

What  fire  should  troops  in  rear,  firing  over  the  heads  of 

those  in  front,  use? 
Volleys  only. 

When  is  the  firing  line  reinforced  by  a  part  of  the  reserve? 

When  all  the  supports  are  in  the  firing  line  and  the 

enemy  probably  within  500  yards  of  the  position. 

What  disposition  is  made  of  the  remaining  part  of  the 

reserve? 
It  is  held  ready  either  to  add  the  effect  of  its  fire  to 

that  of  the  line  or  to  assist  in  the  counter-attack 

when  the  offensive  is  taken  up. 

By  what  may  the  firing  line  be  reinforced,  if  necessary,  in 

the  last  stage  of  the  action? 
By  the  entire  reserve. 

If  retreat  becomes  necessary,  how  is  it  conducted? 
As  prescribed  for  the  company. 

When  all  of  the  battalion  reserves  have  been  absorbed  on 
the  firing  line,  what  duties  devolve  upon  the  second 
line? 

The  troops  in  the  second  line  take  position  and 
protect  the  battalion  while  rallying,  or,  by  an 
energetic  counter-attack,  endeavor  to  gain  the 
ascendancy. 


56  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

When,  in  obedience  to  orders,  resistance  is  not  to  be  car- 
ried to  the  last  extremity,  how  is  the  retreat  executed? 
By  echelons  from  position  to  position. 

THE  BATTALION  ACTING  ALONE. 

G12.     What  principles  apply  to  the  battalion  acting  alone? 

The  general  principles  stated  for  the  company  acting 
alone. 

Until  when  should  the  battalion  ^'nof  deploy? 
The  battalion  should  not  deploy  before  the  enemy's 
position  is  known. 

What  conditions  must  be  observed  when  the  battalion 
takes  position  and  prepares  to  receive  the  attack? 

The  front  must  be  sufficiently  occupied  and  extended 
from  the  beginning  of  the  action;  this  will  usually 
require  two  companies  in  the  fighting  line;  the 
other  two  companies  are  held  in  reserve,  in  rear 
of  the  supports,  covering  the  flanks  and  extending 
beyond  them. 

When  the  supports  have  been  absorbed  in  the  firing 
line,  they  are  replaced  by  the  reserve  companies, 
which  are  disposed  so  as  to  protect  the  flanks. 

When  the  front  of  the  position  is  very  strong,  a 
relatively  greater  part  of  the  command  may  be 
placed  in  the  reserve  to  insure  more  decisive  effect 
in  counter-attacks. 

DISPOSITIONS  OF  A  BATTALION. 

OPERATING  ON  A  FLANK  OF  A  LINE. 

Til 3.  What  are  the  special  objects  in  view  when  having  a  bat- 
talion execute  movements  on  a  flank  of  a  line? 
The  special  object  may  be  to  secure  the  flank,  to 
(mvelop  the  enemy's  flank,  or  to  engage  the  ene- 
my at  one  point,  while  the  regiment  or  brigade 
prepares  and  executes  the  principal  attack  at* 
another. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATION}^.         .  57 

When  executing  movements  in  these  different  cases,  by 
what  principles  is  the  major  governed? 

By  those  laid  down  for  the  offensive  or  defensive 
action  of  the  battalion  in  regiment,  as  the  case 
may  require. 

AS  ADVANCE  GUARD  OF  A  REGIMENT. 

614.  What  rules  govern  the  battalion  acting  as  an  advance 
guard  of  a  regiment? 
The  advance  guard  acts  offensively  or  defensively, 
according  to  circumstances.  Its  action  is  subor- 
dinate to  that  of  the  main  body;  it  should  care- 
fully avoid  becoming  so  involved  as  to  compel  the 
latter  to  depart  from  its  original  purpose. 

How  does  the  battalion,  as  the  advance  guard  of  a  regi- 
ment, act  on  the  offensive? 
As  prescribed  for  the  battalion  acting  alone. 

How  does  the  battalion,  as  the  advance  guard  of  a  regi- 
ment, act  on  the  defensive? 

It  may  take  the  battle  formation  with  three  or  even 
four  companies  at  the  first  indication  of  the  pres- 
ence of  the  enemy;  the  strong  points  are  occupied 
and  the  front  extended  as  much  as  necessary  to 
prevent  being  outflanked. 

If  the  enemy,  without  attacking,  shows  himself  in 
force,  the  battalion  occupies  the  strong  points. 

AS  REAR  GUARD  OF  A  REGIMENT. 

615.     What  is  the  object  of  the  rear  guard,  and  how  does  it  act? 
To  retard  the  enemy,  so  as  to  enable  the  main  body 

to  gain  time  or  distance;  it  acts  chiefly  on   the 

defensive. 
If  the  battalion  acts  as  rear  guard  to  a  regiment,  what 

will  it  "not"  do  if  attacked? 


58  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

It  will  not  carry  resistance  so  far  as  to  be  cut  off 
from  the  main  body. 

Of  what  is  advantage  taken? 

Advantage  is  taken  of  any  want  of  precaution  on 
the  part  of  the  enemy  to  draw  him  into  ambush 
or  to  make  sudden,  short,  and  energetic  offensive 
returns. 

The  rear  guard  may  sometimes  take  the  offensive;  state 

when. 
When  it  is  guarding  a  defile  during  the  passage  of 

the  main  body,  or  when  opposing  the  egress  of  the 

enemy  at  the  outlet  of  a  pass. 

To  what  extent  should  a  rear  guard  "not"  fight? 
The  rear  guard  should  not  fight  to  extremity,  except 
to  secure  the  safety  of  the  main  body. 

AGAINST  CAVALRY. 

616.    What  principles  govern  the  battalion  in  action  against 
cavalry? 

The  principles  stated  for  the  company  apply  to  the 
battalion. 

If  there  be  time,  the  major  may  place  the  companies 
in  echelon. 

To  this  end  he  indicates  the  base  company,  the  in- 
terval and  distance  which  should  separate  the 
echelons,  and  the  relative  positions  of  the  com- 
panies. 

The  base  company  stands  fast;  the  others  are  rap- 
idly led  by  their  captains  to  the  places  they  are 
to  occupy. 

How  are  the  echelons  formed? 

By  advancing  companies  on  the  flank  farthest  from 
the  enemy's  artillery;  they  are  disposed  in  such 
a  manner  as  to  afford  the  heaviest  possible  tire^- 
without  risk  of  firing  into  one  another. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  59 

DEFENSE  AND  ATTACK  OF  ARTILLERY. 

617.  What  principles  govern  the  battalion  in  the  defense  and 

attack  of  artillery? 

The  principles  stated  for  the  company  apply  to  the 
battalion. 

DEFENSE. 

618.  How  are  the  companies  posted  in  defense  of  artillery? 
In  front  of  the  intervals  between  groups  of  batteries 

and  on  flanks,  so  as  not  to  hinder  the  fire  of  the 
artillery;  they  are  held  ready  to  meet  the  attack. 

ATTACK. 

619.  How  is  the  battalion  disposed  for  an  attack  on  artillery? 
As  for  the  attack  of  a  position. 

In  what  manner  is  the  advance  made? 

The  parts  in  close  order  advance  in  echelons  and 
thin  lines;  the  advance  is  led  on  as  rapidly  as  pos- 
sible and  the  attack  precipitated  when  within  a 
short  distance  of  the  guns. 

In  what  manner  is  the  action  conducted? 

According  to  the  general  principles  explained  for 
the  company,  and  the  attack  should  be  made 
against  a  flank  if  possible. 

If  the  artillery  be  supported  by  infantry,  the  major 
directs  against  the  latter  a  sufficient  force  to 
silence  its  fire,  and  uses  the  remainder  of  his  bat- 
talion against  the  artillery. 

NIGHT  OPERATIONS. 

620.  Wbat  are  the  principles  governing  troops  making  a  night 

attack? 

To  be  successful,  a  night  attack  should  be  a  surprise ; 
it  should  be  prepared  secretly,   avoiding  indica- 


60  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

tions  that  might  attract  the  attention  of  the 
enemy. 

Once  engaged,  it  is  necessary  to  act  vigorously  and 
promptly. 

It  is  essential  to  operate  over  ground  known  in  ad- 
vance. 

It  is  equally  important  that  the  leaders  of  the  dif- 
ferent units  be  carefully  instructed  as  to  the  parts 
they  are  to  take,  the  field  assigned  them,  the 
rallying  points,  and  the  line  of  retreat. 

On  the  offensive,  the  troops  usually  operate  in  com- 
pact formation,  so  as  to  be  kept  in  hand  and  to 
prevent  misunderstandings. 

Under  cover  of  darkness  the  assailant  approaches, 
in  order  and  silence,  and  without  firing,  as  near 
as  possible  to  the  enemy's  position;  he  then  as- 
saults resolutely,  not  replying  to  the  fire,  and 
comes  as  quickly  as  possible  to  the  encounter, 
hand  to  hand. 

What  are  the  principles  governing  troops  on  the  defensive 
in  a  night  attack? 

On  the  defensive,  when  a  night  attack  is  expected, 
the  position  is  reinforced  by  troops,  or  strength- 
ened by  obstacles  or  hasty  entrenchments;  the 
positions  to  be  occupied  by  the  different  units  are 
indicated  and  understood  l3eforehand. 

After  the  opening  of  the  action,  all  movements 
which  could  produce  disorder  or  confusion  are 
avoided. 

The  fire  is  directed  particularly  upon  the  approaches 
to  position.  ^ 

THE  REGIMENT. 

621.    What  are  the  principles  which  apply  to  the  regiment  in 
extended  orderP 
The  principles  explained  for  the  battalion  apply. 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  61 

When  is  a  battalion  said  to  be  in  the  fighting  line? 

A  battalion  in  battle  formation  is  said  to  be  in  the 
fighting  line  when  it  has  any  part  in  the  firing 
line.     This  rule  applies  to  larger  commands. 

In  what  manner  is  the  regiment  formed  for  battle? 

In  two  or  three  lines,  depending  upon  the  extent  of 
front  to  be  occupied;  this  should  not  exceed  the 
front  of  the  regiment  formed  in  one  line  in  close 
order  increased  by  one-half  the  interval  between 
it  and  the  adjacent  regiments. 

What  is  the  disposition  of  the  battalions  when  the  regi- 
ment is  in  two  lines? 

Two  battalions  constitute  the  fighting  line;  the  other 
is  posted  as  reserve  about  six  hundred  yards  in 
rear. 

What  is  the  disposition  of  the  battalions  when  the  regi- 
ment is  in  three  lines? 

One  battalion  forms  the  fighting  line,  one  about  six 
hundred  and  the  other  about  twelve  hundred 
yards  in  rear. 

Where  may  the  reserve  be  posted? 

In  rear  of  the  center,  or  in  rear  of  one  or  both  flanks. 

Where  does  the  colonel  take  post? 

Near  the  center  of  tlie  line  of  the  battalion  reserves 
of  the  fighting  line;  if  called  elsewhere,  he  indi- 
cates his  position. 

What  are  the  duties  devolving  upon  him  during  action? 

He  superintends  the  action  and  directs  the  majors 
of  battalions  in  reserve  when  to  reinforce. 

What  formations  will  the  battalions  in  reserve  take? 

Unless  the  colonel  specifies  the  formations  for  bat- 
talions in  reserve,  the  majors  adopt  the  formations 
they  deem  best  suited  to  the  ground  and  other 
circumstances. 


62  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

THE  BRIGADE  IN  BATTLE. 

022.     What  circumstances  determine  the  formation  of  a  brigade 
in  battle? 

The  formation  depends  upon  whether  the  brigade  is 
acting  alone  or  with  other  troops,  and  varies 
in  each  case  to  suit  the  extent  and  character  of 
the  front  to  be  occupied. 

623.  If  in  one  line,  what  is  the  formation? 

Two  battalions  constitute  the  fighting  line  of  each 
regiment,  the  third  battalion  of  each  regiment 
being  held  as  a  regimental  reserve.  In  this  case 
there  is  no  separate  brigade  reserve,  unless  fur- 
nished by  another  brigade. 

624.  If  in  two  lines,  what  is  the  formation? 

In  two  lines,  the  two  leading  regiments  constitute 
the  fighting  line  of  the  brigade  and  are  formed 
as  above.  The  rear  regiment,  as  a  second  line, 
constitutes  the  brigade  reserve  and  is  posted  about 
six  hundred  paces  in  rear  of  the  reserve  battalions 
of  the  leading  regiments;  it  will  be  given  the  bat- 
tle formation  if  necessary. 

If  the  brigade  approaches  the  field  of  battle  marching  in 
column  of  fours,  what  formation  may  the  general  order? 

He  may  order  the  leading  regiments  on  the  fighting 
line,  without  regimental  reserves,  and  supply  a 
battalion  from  the  rear  regiment  to  each  regiment 
in  the  fighting  line  as  a  reserve. 

What  is  the  objection  to  this  formation,  and  when  only- 
will  it  be  resorted  to? 

This  formation  is  open  to  the  objection  of  speedily 
disintegrating  the  rear  regiment,  and  will  be  re- 
sorted to  only  when  a  rapid  extension  of  front  is. 
of  the  first  importance, 


INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS.  63 

625.  For  a  more  powerful  attack,  liow  may  the  regiments  be 

formed? 
Thej  may  be  formed  side  by  side,  each  regiment  in 
three  lines.  The  colonels  will  avoid  calling  on 
their  second  battalions  prematurely;  the  third  bat- 
talions should  not  enter  action  without  orders 
from  the  general. 

626.  What  changes  will  the  brigade  commander  make  in  the 

foregoing  formation? 
Such  as  are  rendered  necessary  by  the  character  of 
the  action  and  the  nature  of  the  ground. 

627.  Where  is  the  general  or  brigade  commander  located? 
He  has  no  fixed  position,  but  will  always  indicate 

where  reports  will  be  received. 

628.  If  the  brigade  commander  is  compelled  to  give  an  order  to 

a  battalion's  commander,  what  should  he  do? 
He  should  so  inform  his  colonel  as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable. 

629.  What  is  the  regulation  relative  to  the  first  line  passing 

from  close  to  extended  order? 
The  general  may  direct  when  the  troops  composing 
the  first  line  shall  pass  from  close  to  extended 
order,  or  this  may  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the 
regimental  and  battalion  commanders. 

630.  What  is  the  general  rule  relative  to  posting  the  brigade 

reserve? 
A  reserve  need  not  necessarily  be  posted  in  rear  of 
the   line;   frequently   it   may   be   advantageously 
formed  in  echelon  with  that  line. 

TO  WITHDRAW  THE  BRIGADE. 

G31.     State  the  procedure  to  withdraw  the  brigade. 

The  general  sends  orders  to  the  colonels:     Withdraw 
and  form   in   one  (or  two)   line  on  (such)   battalion, 


64  INFANTRY  DRILL  REGULATIONS. 

(such)  regiment;  or,  WitMratu  and  form  in  column 
on  (such)  battalion,  (such)  regiment. 

The  general  indicates  the  position  to  be  occupied  by 
the  designated  battalion  and  the  colonels  add  the 
necessary  commands.  The  battalions  form  in  the 
same  order  as  before  the  deployment,  or  the  gen- 
eral ma}'  change  this  order. 

If  the  order  be  to  "form  in  column,"  what  will  be  under- 
stood? 

Column  of  fours,  unless  the  general  indicates  an- 
other formation. 

THE  DIVISION  IN  BATTLE. 

632.  What  is  the  battle  formation  of  the  division? 

It  may  be  formed  with  one  or  two  brigades  in  the 
fighting  line,  and  the  others  in  the  reserve,  or  the 
three  brigades  may  be  placed  in  the  fighting  line; 
in  either  case,  each  brigade  takes  one  of  the  form- 
ations prescribed  for  the  Brigade' in  Battle. 

The  artillery  takes  the  positions  assigned  by  the 
division  commander. 

Officers  in  command  of  the  reserves  will  adopt  such 
formations  as  will  not  unnecessarily  interfere  with 
the  maneuvers  of  the  other  arms. 

633.  On  what  principles  does  the  division  commander  conduct 

the  action? 
On  the  principles  prescribed  for  smaller  commands. 

634.  For  what  purpose  will  the  officers  of  the  reserve  be  con- 

stantly on  the  alert? 
To  prevent  any  panic   that  may  arise   among  the 
troops  of  the  first  line  spreading  to  their  own. 

635.  What  is  stated  relative  to  the  reserve? 

Tlie  reserve  is  not  necessarily  united;  the  regiments 
and  battalions  composing  it  may  be  posted  in  rear 
of  different  parts,.njyjie  first  line. 


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